Anku, W., Structural Set Analysis of African Music. Legon, Ghana: Soundstage production, 1992.
Coleman, S., "An interview with Steve Coleman," http://www.m-base.com/interview1.html
_______ , and Five Elements, Curves of Life (compact disc). Groovetown/BMG 1995.
_______ , and Five Elements, Drop Kick (compact disc). New York: Novus/BMG 63144-2, 1992.
_______ , "M-Base, an explanation," http://www.m-base.com/mbase.html
_______ , and Mystic Rhythm Society, Myths, Modes, and Means (compact disc). BMG/Groovetown 1995.
_______ , "Resume and short bio," http://www.m-base.com/resume1b.html
_______ , The Tao of Mad PHAT (compact disc).
_______ , private communications, 1995.
Gates, H. L., The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Geerken, H., Omniverse Sun Ra. Wartaweil: Waitawhile Press, 1995.
Jones, Leroi, Black Music. New York: Quill Press, 1967.
Ladzekpo, C. K., "Anlo-Ewe Intro," from Foundation Course in African Dance-Drumming, http://www.cnmat.berkeley.edu/~ladzekpo/foundation.html
_______ , "Cultural Understanding of Polyrhythm," from ibid., http://www.cnmat.berkeley.edu/~ladzekpo/Developmental.html
_______ , "Rhythmic Principles," from ibid., http://www.cnmat.berkeley.edu/~ladzekpo/Principles.html
Lewis, G. E., (a) unpublished essay, 1995.
_______ , (b) "Improvised music after 1950: Afro- and Eurological perspectives." Unpublished essay, 1995.
Mackey, N. "Other: From Noun to Verb." In K. Gabbard, ed., Jazz among the Discourses. Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press, 1995.
The M-Base Collective, Anatomy of a groove (compact disc) and liner notes therein (written by Steve Coleman, Cassandra Wilson and Greg Osby). New York: DIW/Columbia CK 53431, 1992.
Radano, R. M. "Jazzin' the Classics: The AACM's challenge to mainstream aesthetics." Black Music Research Journal 12, no. 1 (1992), p. 79-95.
______ . New Musical Figurations: Anthony Braxton's Cultural Critique. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
Smith, L. "American Music." The Black Perspective in Music 2, no. 2 (1974), p. 111-116.
Taylor, A., Notes and Tones: Musician-to-Musician Interviews. New York: Da Capo Press, 1977/1993.
Wilmer, V. As Serious As Your Life: The Story of the New Jazz. Westport, Connecticut: Lawrence Hill & Co., 1980.
Wilson, O., "The Significance of the Relationship between Afro-American Music and West-African Music," in The Black Perspective in Music 2, pp. 3-22 (1974).